I-Clamshell Containers ingase kubhekene nezinkinga zokuphatha kwezinsuku zezinkulungwane zombili-nesithupa

Ukuhamba kwezinkulungwane zokupakisha izinkithi zokudla kusenziwe yindlela eyodwa yokubaluleka kwezinkambo zokudla, abasalesi, nabazimisele ukuthi bakhanyisa izulu. Ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi nezidingo zokugcina izinkinga eziphakathi kwezinkithi ezisemthethweni, izibonelo zizobala ukuthi izinkithi zabo zihambisana nesifundamenthe sezulu nokuthandwa kwezinkambo zokudla. Izinkithi ezihlukanayo ziyabuyeka njengesikhombisa esihambisana ngokukhulu kwezinkambo zokudla, izinkambo zokufika emkhakheni, nezinkithi zokudla ezintsha, kodwa izizinga zokuthi ziziphi izinkinga zokuhamba kwazo ziyagcina isiphetho sokubuyisa izinkithi. Ukuzwa ukuthi izinkithi ezihlukanayo zingahambisana ngokuphelele nesifundamenthe kudinga ukubona i-inkqubo yezinkithi, izindlela zokugcina zazo, nokuthi zihambisana njani nesikhumbuzo sezinkithi zokudla.

Impendulo yokuthi izikhanda zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka ziyisithembiso kungakhulu kakhulu, kodwa kuyaphendula kubukho kwezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe, njengoko kuyisibonelo sokuthi yini imithombo, izindlela zokwenza, izinkambo zokuphuma kwemithombo emazweni, nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphuma kwemithombo. Izikhanda zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka zisenzelwa kuzo izinto eziningi, kusukela kweplastiki ephindwe ngokwesibhakabhaka kuya kumithombo yezihlangu nezinhlobo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka ezisuswe kwezinhlobo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuzenzela kwezinye izinhlobo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka kunezinhlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izindlela zokwenza, ukusetshenziswa, nokuphuma kwemithombo. Kusukela kwezinhlelo zokusebenzisa izikhanda zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka zokulahla impilo yomhlaba noma kufanele ukusetshenziswa kwezikhanda zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka, kufanele ukuzwa izinhlobo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka, ukubona izinkambo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka nezinkambo zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka emazweni, futhi ukuzwa ukuthi isithembiso kuyaphinda kusuka kwezikhanda zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka kuya kusukela kwezikhanda zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka zonke zokuvula ngokwesibhakabhaka.

Ukuguquka Kwemithombo Nokuthi Kuyisithembiso Kwezikhanda Zokuvula Ngokwesibhakabhaka

Izikhanda Zokuvula Ngokwesibhakabhaka Ezisenzelwa Ngokwesibhakabhaka

Izitsha zendabuko ezenziwe nge-polystyrene, i-polyethylene terephthalate, noma i-polypropylene zimelela isigaba esivame kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokudla. La mapulasitiki avela ku-petroleum anokucaca okuhle, ukuqina nokumelana nomswakama ngezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi. Nokho, ukufaneleka kwazo kokuhlala isikhathi eside kuyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuxhomeka kwawo kumafutha amadala ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokuhlala kwawo ezindaweni zemvelo lapho elahlwa ngendlela engafanele. Izitsha ze-polystyrene clamshell, ezazikade zikhona ezindaweni eziningi zokudla okusheshayo, ziye zabhekana nokugxekwa okukhethekile ngenxa yesakhiwo esilinganiselwe sokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokuthambekela kwazo ekuhlukaniseni zibe ama-microplastics. Omasipala abaningi baye basebenzisa imikhawulo noma imingcele ngokukhethekile ebhekiswe ezitsheni ze-polystyrene foam ezandisiwe, okwenza opharetha bezokudla bafune ezinye izinto.

Izinkothama zase-Polyethylene terephthalate zinika umlando wokusebenza kwezinto zokuphatha okuhle ngokulinganayo ngezinkothama zase-polystyrene. I-plastic ye-PET iyatholakala kakhulu ekutholeni kwemithombo yezindawo zokugcina, futhi i-PET etholeni iyatholakala kabusha njengezinto zokuphatha kwezindawo zokudla noma izihlangu sezibhali. Uma zitholakala ngempela futhi zihlanganiswe ngempela, izinkothama zase-PET zinakwenzela ukuthola isikhundla esihle emithambeni yezinto ezingavunyelwa. Umphumela wokuziphatha kwezinto zokuphatha kuyaphendula kakhulu kumaqembu okuthola i-PET noma ukungafanele kwezinto ezitholakalayo, nokuba i-PET ehlukene neyetholakala kuyatholakala kakhulu emithambeni yezinto ezingavunyelwa. Izinkothama zase-polypropylene zinakwenzela ukuthola isikhundla esihle ekutholeni kwemithombo yezindawo zokugcina, kodwa ukutholakala kuyaphendula kumaqembu wokugcina futhi ukungafanele kwezinto zokudla kuyabeka ubukhulekile kakhulu ekutholeni kwemithombo yezindawo zokugcina.

Izinhlobo zezinkothama zokuphatha ezisuselwa kwezilwane noma ezinakwenzeka ukutholakala kwezindawo zokugcina

Izinkotho zokugcina ezisemthwakathini ezenziwe ngemithi yobungozi ephindwe kusuka kwe-PLA (polylactic acid) ephindwe kusuka kwe-starch yamazimba okanye kwe-cane yamaphuzi zisenzeka kakhulu njengoba izibonelo ziyasebenza ngokubuyisa izinto ezisemthwakathini ezenziwe ngemithi yobungozi esuka kwe-petroleum. Izinkotho zokugcina ezisemthwakathini ezenziwe ngemithi yobungozi ephindwe kusuka kwe-PLA zinika ukubonakaliswa kahle nokusebenza kahle kwezinto ezisemthwakathini zokuvamisekile, kodwa zisuka kwezinto ezisemthwakathini zokufa emhlabeni. Kepha, izindlela zokuphatha zazo zokugcina zizokuthi zikwazi ukubona izinto ezinconywa ngokuphelele kuphela uma zihlanganiswa ngendlela efanayo kwezikhulukano zokugcina zokuphatha kwezinto ezisemthwakathini. I-PLA iyadinga izimo ezithile zokuphatha kwezinto ezisemthwakathini, njengoko kufuneka kusuka kwezikhulukano zokugcina zokuphatha kwezinto ezisemthwakathini, ukuze iphinde isebenze kahle. Uma ishwelelwa emlandweni okanye ishwelelwa kwezikhulukano zokuvamiseka kwezinto ezisemthwakathini, izinkotho zokugcina ezisemthwakathini ezenziwe ngemithi yobungozi ephindwe kusuka kwe-PLA azikwazi ukubona izinto ezinconywa ngokuphelele okusuka kwezinto ezisemthwakathini zokufa emhlabeni.

Izinkulungwane zokugcina ezisakhiwe ngokuthi zihlukaniswa kanye nezinye izinto ezisakhiwe ngokusebenzisa i-bagasse, i-bamboo, noma iphepha esebenziswe kabusha ziyisikhombisa indlela eyisisekelo yokubuyisela emthwakathini. Lezi zinto zisuswa kumaqondo okukhula kwezinsuku zokuzisa noma kumaqondo okukhula kakhulu, okunika indlela yokusakha engasenzi isithunzi se- fossil fuel. Izinkulungwane zokugcina ezisakhiwe ngokusebenzisa izinto eziyisakhiwe ziyafanele imithombo yokuqhubeka kwezinkulungwane zokugcina kanye nokuphela kwezinkulungwane zokugcina emkhaya njengoba kunezimo ezinconywayo. Ukuthi kuzobonakala ngokuvutha kuyabangela ukuthi kuzobonakala ngokuvutha kanye nokufanele kuzo izindlela ezinokuthi zizamele ukuthi zilindelwe ngokuvutha, kodwa leli phando liphinde lisibophelela ukusebenza kwazo izinto ezinamanzi noma ukuthi zilindelwe kakhulu. Ukuthi kuzobonakala ngokuvutha kuyabangela ukuthi kuzobonakala ngokuvutha kanye nokufanele kuzo izindlela ezinokuthi zizamele ukuthi zilindelwe ngokuvutha, kodwa leli phando liphinde lisibophelela ukusebenza kwazo izinto ezinamanzi noma ukuthi zilindelwe kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa iphepha esebenziswe kabusha nokubuyisela emthwakathini

Izinkotho zokugcina eziyisibonelo sezinkotho zokugcina ezihlakazekile ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisuswe kusukela emaphakathi ziyindlela esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo zezinto zokugcina. Ukusebenzisa i-PET esuswe noma i-polypropylene isenza ukuthi kungahlinzeki ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ku-izinyathelo zokwenza izinto zokugcina ezisuswe kusukela emaphakathi, futhi isenza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ku-izinto zokugcina ezisuswe, okuyisibonelo sokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo zokugcina. Izimpendulo zokugcina kwezindawo eziningi zihlanganise ukuthi kuzokwenzwa ukuthi izinto zokugcina zisuswe ziyasebenza ngokudlula kwezinto zokugcina zokudlala, uma kusetyenziswa ukuthi kufundwa kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa. Izinkotho zokugcina eziyisibonelo sezinkotho zokugcina nezinhlelo zokugcina ezinamakhulu amaningi kungahlinzeki ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ku-izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo zokugcina zokudlala, futhi kungahlinzeki ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ku-izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo zokugcina zokudlala, uma kusetyenziswa ukuthi kufundwa kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa.

Ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amaisikrini esixhenxe kuphendula kakhulu ekhaya yamagama okukhokhwa, kodwa futhi ekhaya yamagama yokugcina, ukuthatha isikhundla, nokuthatha isikhundla sokubuyisela. Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhundla sokubuyisela kudinga ukuthatha izinto ezithile ezingenakho ekhaya yamagama, njengoko kufanele ukunciphisa ukuthi amagama ayisikhiyana, ukuvikela izinto eziningi ezinokuthi zihlukene, nokubona ukuthi amagama ayisikhiyana nesikhundla sokugcina esithile. Amagama okukhokhwa okwesilinganiso ngaphandle kokukhokhwa kwezinye izinto noma izinto ezinokuthi zihlukene kungabonakala kakhulu ukuthi kuzobuyiselwa nokuthathwa kabusha. Ukuguqula kwezinye izinhluvini zokugcina kwenza ukuthi amagama okukhokhwa okwesilinganiso akhokhwa kakhulu kusilinganiso esithile, kodwa kungafanele kusilinganiso esinye, okwenza ukuthi abasemthethweni badinga ukubona izinhluvini zokugcina zokugcina kusilinganiso esithile.

Ukubhalwa Kwesikhundla Sokubuyisela Nokulinganisa Okuhambisana Kwesikhundla Sokubuyisela

Isikhundla Sokuprodukha Sokubuyisela

Ukuqondisa ukuthi izinkothama zezinkothama zingasemthwakweni kufanele kubhekwe imiphumela yazo yomhlaba ngokugcina konke ukuphatha kwazo, kusukela ekuthinteni amathuba okusebenzisa izinto ezisemthwakweni nokuproducwa. Ukuproducwa kweplastiki ekusenziwa ngamafutha kuyincaza ukuthinteka kwezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni, ukuthinteka kwezinye izinto, nokuproducwa kwezinye izinto okuzenza ukuphuma kwezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni nezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni. Kodwa, ukungafani kwezinkothama zezinkothama nokuproducwa kwazo kungabonisa ukuthi kubizwa ngokuphula kwezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni nezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni kunezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni. Izifundo zokuhlola ukuphatha kwesikhathi sokuproducwa zibonisa ukuthi imiphumela yophase yokuproducwa kufanele kubalancelwe ngokuphatha kwesikhathi sokusebenzisa nezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni ukuze kubhalwe ukuthi kuyiphi okuphambili kwezinye izinto ezisemthwakweni.

Izinkulungwane zebioplastics nezinkulungwane zefiber ephakanyisiwe zibonisa izindlela zokuprodukha ezihlukene zokuthi ziyathola isiphumo esihlukene kwenvironementi. Ukuzalisa izinkulungwane zokusebenza kwizithuthi zokuzala i-PLA noma izinkulungwane zebagasse kuyinika ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwesilawo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithambo yokuqasha, nokuthi kubonakala ukuthi kuyathola iziphumo ezihlukene kumazwe okuzala amandla uma izithuthi ziqashelwa ukusebenza kwesikhundla sokuzala amandla. Izinga lokusebenza kwamandla kuyahlukana ngokwesithuthi, noma kunjalo izithuthi zebioplastics zingadinga amandla amaningi ekuprodukheni ngaphandle kokuthi zisithuthi sokuzala amandla. Ukuprodukha kwefiber ephakanyisiwe kuseta amanzi angaphezu kwekuprodukha kwesithuthi kodwa kungasiza ukuthi kuyabona ukuthi kunezinga elincane yokusebenza kwamandla. Izisombululo zokuhlukanisa izinto zokuphatha kwezinye izinto zokuphatha kwezinye zibonisa ukuthi akukho isithuthi esisodwa esikwazi ukuthi sibe yilowo olunconywa ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhloso zokuthi ziyathola isiphumo esihlukene kwenvironementi, futhi kufuneka abavendeli bakhetha izinhloso ezibalulekile kumaqondo abo okuzimisa.

Isikhathi Sokusebenza Nezinhloso Zokuvikela Ukweshwa

Uqukethwe lokususa kwezinkotho zokugcina izinkotho zokudla kufanele lichazwe ngokwesibonelo sakhe sokugcina izinkotho zokudla nokunqoba ukungcoliswa. Ukungcola kwinkotho zokudla kuyisibuko esikhulu sezinhlanhla, ngokuprodukwa, ukuthumela, nokuhlukwa kwale nkotho eyangcolile ekhiqiza amagasi ayo okuhlanzeka kwezwe. Izinkotho ezinamandla okuzisa isikhathi sokusebenza, okugcina ubukhulu bekho, nokunqoba ukuthwasa kusuka emlandweni yokuthumela kungaholela kuze kube nemiphumela yezinhlanhla okungcono kunezimpilo zomthwakazi wokugcina. Izinkotho zokugcina zihamba kakhulu ngokugcina phakathi, ukubona ngokushesha ngabasebenzi, nokuthatha isikhundla sokuthumela, okuhambisana nokunciphisa ukungcola kwinkotho zokudla kuphakathi kwemithombo yokuqala.

Izinto ezihlukile zeziqukathi ze-clamshell zinikeza izici zokusebenza ezihlukile ezithinta ukusebenza kokulondolozwa kokudla nokuvimbela imfucuza. Izitsha zepulasitiki ezinama-clamshell ngokuvamile zinikeza izithiyo eziphakeme zomswakama nokuqina kwemishini, okwenza zilungele imikhiqizo ebucayi, ukudla okulungiselelwe, nezinto zokubhaka ezidinga isikhathi eside sokugcina. Izindlela zokulungisa izintambo ezenziwe ngesikhunta zingase zinikeze isivikelo esanele ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kodwa zinemikhawulo ekudleni okunomswakama omkhulu noma ezikhathini ezinde zokugcina. Lapho kuhlolwa ukuzinza, amandla okwanda kokuphelelwa ukudla ngenxa yokusebenza okunganele kokupakisha kufanele abhekwe ngokuqhathaniswa nephrofayili yezemvelo yezinto zokupakisha uqobo. Ezimweni eziningi, izindleko zemvelo zokudla okulahliwe zidlula kakhulu umthelela wokupakisha okusetshenziselwa ukukuvikela.

Izindlela Zokuphela Kokusebenza Nezinto Ezisebenzayo

Ukuthetheka kwezinto zokubuyisela okanye ukuthetheka kwezinto zokufakwa emhlabathini kwezincwadi zezibhokisi zokugcina izinto kungafanele kakhulu ngokuphatha kwemisebenzi yokuqinisa ukuthi izinto ziyasebenza ngokuphelele, kunokuthetheka kokutholakala nokusebenzisa imisebenzi yokuqinisa izinto ezihlukene. Ibhokisi leplastiki enokubuyiselwa ngokwesayensi ayisebenzi ngokuphelele ekuthinteni izinto zokulinda umhlaba uma imisebenzi yokubuyisela emaphakathi ayithathanga izinto zokugcina eziphakanyiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinto zokudla noma ayinamakhiyethi okuthathwa kwezinto zokugcina ezithathwe. Ngokufanayo, izibhokisi zokugcina ezinokufakwa emhlabathini ziyatholakala emaphakathi uma izindawo zokufakwa emhlabathini zingasoloko kuleli bhalansi, futhi akazange zifanele ukuthola iziphumo zokulinda umhlaba. Ukungatholakala kwezindawo zokusebenza kuyisimo esikhulu sokungasebenzi kwezibhokisi zokugcina zonke izinhlobo.

Izingu zezikhundla zokusebenza kwezinto ezingavunywa zikwenzela izimo ezahlukene zokuphatha kwamandla okusebenza kwezinto ezingavunywa, futhi kuzokwenzela ukuthi kubhekwe ngendlela eyahlukene ukusiza kwezinkumbulo zokuvunywa kwezinto ezingavunywa. Amadistrict asebenzisa amathuba okuvunywa kahle, ukufundisa abantu ngokuvunywa kwezinto ezingavunywa, nokuthuthukisa imitha yezinto ezingavunywa ekhaya kuyakunceda ukuthi izinkumbulo zokuvunywa kwezinto ezingavunywa zibe nezindlela zokuphatha kahle kwezinhloso zokuphatha kwezinto ezingavunywa. Izindawo ezenziwa ngokwesibonelo sokuvunywa kwezinto ezingavunywa kanye nesikhundla sokuvunywa kwezinto ezingavunywa kuyakunceda ukuthi kubekwe isibonelo sokuvunywa kwezinto ezingavunywa. Abasemboni abaqondisa ukuthi kubhekwe ngendlela yokuphatha kwezinto ezingavunywa kufanele bakhangase kubona izimo zokusebenza kwezinto ezingavunywa kuleli sikhundla, bangabhekisi kuphela kwezincikezelo zokuvunywa noma kwezindlela zokuphatha kwezinto ezingavunywa. Indlela enenhloso yokuphatha kwezinto ezingavunywa iyahlukana ngokwesikhundla, futhi kufanele kubhekwe ngendlela eyahlukene ngokwesikhundla, kubhekwe ngokwesibonelo sokusebenza kwezinto ezingavunywa.

Isimo sokugcina kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuphatha kwezinto ezingavunywa

Ukuphatha kwezinto ezingavunywa ngokwesibonelo sokuvunywa kanye nezincikezelo zokuvunywa

Imithwalo yasezulwini ibuyela kakhulu ekubeni iyisikhundla esikhulu sokuthi i-clamshell containers sibe nesibonelo sesithembiso, futhi isivumelwano se-market sasemthwakweni ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa, izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezingabuyiselwanga, nokukhokha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa. Izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa zihambisana imali yokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa emuva kokusebenzisa ku-maufacturers wokuphatha izinto futhi ku-owners besebantwana, okuzosiza ukuthi kwenziwe izinto ezinokubuyiselwa noma ezinokubuyiselwa ngokwezinye, futhi kusiza ukuthi kwenziwe izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa. Amathuluzi okuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa aqala ukuseta izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa, okufaka izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa noma izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa, okuzosiza ukuthi kwenziwe izinto ezinokubuyiselwa noma izinto ezinokubuyiselwa ngokwezinye, futhi kusiza ukuthi kwenziwe izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinokubuyiselwa.

Amazwi okuzilungiselela kwezinto ezisuselwe kumsebenzi wokuzilungiselela kuzokwenzeka kuzokwenzela ukuthi kubekho isilinganiso esincane sokuzilungiselela kwemithombo yezinto ezenziwe ngabantu emva kokuqala, okuyinhloso yokuthintana ngokuphakathi kwesilinganiso sokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokugcina ezingaphakathi kwezinye izindawo. Izimboni zaseKalifoniya zokuthi kufuneka kuzilungiselelwe ngokuphakeme kwezinto zokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokudla nezinto zokudla zokudla ziyabonakala njengamazwi okuzilungiselela okwenziwa kwezinye izindawo. Lezi zimboni ziyakhulisa izindawo zokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokugcina ngokuthi ziyathinta ukuthi kubekho isidingo sokuzilungiselela kwemithombo yezinto ezenziwe ngabantu emva kokuqala, okukhulisa ukuthi kubekho ubukhulu bezindlela zokuzilungiselela. Abasaleli bemithombo bayiphendula ngokuthatha izindlela zokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokugcina okuzokwenzela ukuthi kuzilungiselelwe ngokuphelele kwezimboni zokuzilungiselela kodwa kuzokwenzela ukuthi kubekho ubukhulu bezindlela zokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokudla nokuthi kubekho ubukhulu bezindlela zokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokudla, okukhulisa ukuthi kubekho ubukhulu bezindlela zokuzilungiselela kwezinto zokudla.

Izimboni Zokuthuthukiswa Nezimboni Zokuzilungiselela Kwemvelo

Izisifundo sezinkundla zezinye izinhlanganisi nezindlela zokuzimisa okulinganiselwe kuzo zinakubiza izindlela zokuhlola nokubhabhisela izinkinga zokusebenza kwamaphakathi amahle. Izindlela zokuzimisa njenge-ASTM D6400 yamaphakathi okukhulula kwe-compost ne-ASTM D6868 yamaphakathi okukhulula kwe-compost ayabonisa izidingo zokusebenza ozodingekayo ukuthi izinto zizimele ukuthi zibe nesibonelo sokukhulula kwe-compost. Izisifundo sezinkundla njenge-Biodegradable Products Institute noma TÜV Austria zinakubonisa ukuthi amaphakathi amahle ayimele lezi zindlela zokuzimisa ngemikhono eyafanele. Kodwa, ukuthi kusifundo kuphela akakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi kunezidingo zokuphatha izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokuphelele uma akukho inkundla yokugcina okufanele noma ukuziqonda kwezinkundla zokugcina ngokufanele.

Izinkinga zokugcina izinto zokuzimela kwezinye izinkampani zokuthenga ziyagcina ukubonakala kwezinkampani zokulawula nokuziphatha okuhle kwezinto zokuzimela, okwenzeka ngokukhathaza kwezinkinga zokuthengisa izinto zokuzimela ezinokuthi zingahleli. Izindatshana njenge-‘biodegradable’, ‘eco-friendly’ noma ‘sustainable’ aziphinde azifundi kakhulu futhi kungakhathazeki abathengi ngokwesibonelo sokugcina okuphelele noma ngendlela yokuthenga okuphelele. I-Green Guides yase-United States yase-Federal Trade Commission nasezinye izizwe ziyabuyisa izindlela zokuthenga okugcina okuphelele okufanele kusetyenziswa. Abathengi abayithenga izinkampani zokuzimela kufanele bezame ukuthi izindaba zokugcina okuphelele ziyisibonelo sokugcina okuphelele, ziyafanekisa ukuthi ziyasemthethweni, futhi akukho ukuthi ziyakhathaza abathengi ngokwesibonelo sokugcina okuphelele, indlela yokuthenga okuphelele, noma ukulinganisa kokugcina okuphelele.

Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izinkampani zokuzimela ezingahleli

Ukubambisana kwesikhathi sokuzimela nezinkinga zokugcina okuphelele

Amabhizinisi ahlola ukuthi iziqukathi ze-clamshell zingena yini kumasu okuzinza kufanele achaze ngokucacile izinto eziza kuqala phakathi kwezinhloso ezingokomzwelo eziphikisayo. Izinhlangano ezigxile ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint zingakhetha izinto ezincane ezikhishwayo, ngisho noma izindlela zokuphela kwesikhathi zilinganiselwe. Izinkampani ezigcizelela izimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo zingase zikhethe iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezimakethe ezinengqalasizinda eqinile yokuqoqa. Amabhizinisi ezindaweni lapho ukugaywa komquba okuthengiswayo kufinyeleleka khona angakhetha ezinye izindlela eziqinisekisiwe zokugaywa komquba naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme ezingase zibe khona. Ukucaciswa okucacile kokubaluleka kokuzinza kwenza kube nokwenziwa kwezinqumo okuhambisana ngokwengeziwe futhi kugweme ukuvaleka lapho kungekho ndlela engcono kuzo zonke izici zemvelo.

Ukukhetha imithombo yebhokisi yokugcina kufanele ibonise ukuthi sibhekise kakhulu ekubeni kuyasebenza isikhungo sokususa okusebenzayo kubantu obuyisisekelo, ngakumbi kungabi ngezindlela zokufunda. Abaserviswe besikhalo esebenzisa abasebenzisi ezingxenye ezingenakwazi ukusebenzisa ukususa kwamakhanda kwenziwa ngokuphelele, akathola umphumela wokusebenza ngokuphelele ngokwesikhundla esebenzisa amabhokisi okugcina okwesikhundla esingakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele, okuyisisekelo esihlwa kwezindlu zokuhlwa. Abasalesi ezingxenye ezingenakwazi ukuthenga izinto ezinomthwalo wezinkulungwane ezingenakwazi ukuthenga izinto ezinomthwalo wezinkulungwane kwezindlu zokuhlwa, kuzothola umphumela omuhle ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinokususa ngokuphelele nakwezinye izinhlangano zokususa izinto ezinomthwalo wezinkulungwane, noma ngokusebenzisa izibhokisi ezinokusebenziswa kabusha. Ukuchaza imithombo yebhokisi nokubaluleka kokuthi kuyakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele kuyisibonelo sokusebenza ngokuphelele sokuthi sibhekise kakhulu ekubeni kuyasebenza isikhungo sokususa, ngakumbi kungabi ngezindlela zokufunda.

Ukubalansisa Ukusebenza Ngokuphelele Nokuthi Kuyasebenza Ngokuphelele Nakwezinhlelo Zokusebenza Nakwezinhlelo Zokuthenga

Ukukhetha kwezinto ezisemthwakathini zokugcina eziphathelene nezinkinga zokuphatha izinto zokudla kufanele zihambisane nezinkinga zokusebenza nokubaluleka kwamandla. Iziqondiso ozidinga ukuthi zibe nesibonelo esihle sokugcina amanzi, isiqondiso sesikhundu, noma isikhathi eside sokubaluleka kungahlinzeka kuzo izinto ezingafuneki ukuthi zibe nesikhundu esingafuneki ngokuphelele kodwa zibe nesibonelo esihle sokugcina izinto zokudla. Ukuhlula kwamandla okukhala izinto zokudla ngokungafuneki kwezinto ezisemthwakathini kungabizwa ngokukhala kwezinto ezisemthwakathini ezingafuneki ukuthi zibe nesibonelo esihle sokugcina kodwa zibe nesibonelo esihle sokugcina izinto zokudla. Abasendaweni bafune ukubonisa izinkinga zokuhlanganisa ngokwempilo kodwa akabikho ukuthi bakhetha izinto ezinamandla okusiza kwezinkinga zokuphatha izinto zokudla ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwazo.

Imibono yezimali iyaphakamisa imiphumela yokubagcina ngokuthula ngokuthintana nokugcina kwezilungiselelo zokuthenga nokutholakala kwemithombo. Amaphakethi amathuba okukhanya okwenzelwa ngemithombo ethuluzi noma emithombo eyinye isilinganiso sokuthengiswa kwayo kuyisilinganiso esiphezulu kunamaphakethi amathuba okukhanya okwenzelwa ngemithombo yamaphutha, ikakhulu kubabuyi abancane abangena ngokuphelele kwezilinganiso zokuthenga. Kodwa, ukubala kwesilinganiso sokuthengiswa kwezinto zonke kufanele kuchaze izindlela zokubhalwa kwezimali zokuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe ngokulinganayo, isivumelwano sezimali sokubagcina ngokuthula, ubukhulu bekho bokubagcina ngokuthula, nokuthandana kwezilungiselelo zokuthenga ezihlukene ngokuthandana nokubagcina ngokuthula. Abaprofesi abaningi bafindwa ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezimali ephakeme kwezilungiselelo zokubagcina ngokuthula kuyasebenza kubabuyi abathandana nokubagcina ngokuthula, kodwa abanye bafundwa ngokuthandana kwezimali ezingenayo ukuthi kubuyiselwe izimali ezingcono kwezilungiselelo zokubagcina ngokuthula. Ukubagcina ngokuthula kwezimali nokubagcina ngokuthula kwezinhloso zokubagcina ngokuthula kufanele kube lona lonke ukuze kwenziwe ukuguqula kwezilungiselelo zokubagcina ngokuthula.

Ukuxhumana nababuyi ngokuthenga kwezilungiselelo zokubagcina ngokuthula nokubagcina ngokuthula

Ukuphakanyiswa kwemithombo yokubuyisela kwezinto ezihlukene kuzoba kuphakanyiswa kuphela uma abasendula bakhweba izinto eziyisisekelo ngokwesikhundla sokuthi yini na-izinto zokusebenza kwenqubo yokuqondisa. Ukuchaza kwebasendula ngokuthi yini na-izinto zokusebenza ziyakhiwa kwezinye iziqu zokubuyisela, okukhetha, nokuthi ziyakhiwa kwezinye iziqu zokukhishwa kuzosungula ukuthi iziqu zokubuyisela ziyakhiwa kwezinye iziqu zokukhishwa, okuzoyikhipha ukusebenza kweziqu zokubuyisela. Ukubhalwa kweziqu zokukhishwa ngeziqu zokukhishwa zokubuyisela kuzokusiza, kodwa izibalo ziyakufuneka zibone ukuthi abasendula abanamandla okubona nokwazi. Ukubheka ngokuthi abasendula bazokwenza ngokuthi zibe yiliphi kuzoyikhipha ukuthi izinto zokusebenza ziyakhiwa ngokuthi zibe yiliphi kweziqu zokukhishwa, okuzoyikhipha ukuthi izinto zokusebenza ziyakhiwa ngokuthi zibe yiliphi kweziqu zokukhishwa.

Amasosha akwakha ukuthi amasosha asebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni ngokusebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni, ukuthi abasemthwakweni baphathe izinto ezisemthwakweni ngokuphelele, nokukhetha izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni okuyinto ekubaleni kwezinye izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni. Amakholi we-QR okuhambisana nezindikimba zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni, izinkulungwane zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni ezinamabala okuhlanganisa izinto ezisemthwakweni ezithile, nokubeka izibhali zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni ekuhlakweni kokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni zinconywa ukuthi abasemthwakweni baphathe izinto ezisemthwakweni ngokuphelele. Abanye abasebenzi baphepha izindlela zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni ezithile kumathuba okuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni okuthile njengezindlu zokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni emazwe, noma kumathuba okuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni okuthile lapho ukuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni kufundiswa ngokuphelele. Izindlela zokubuyisa izinto ezisemthwakweni noma izindlela zokubuyisa izinto ezisemthwakweni kusuka kuqondweni, nakuba kungenzeka kubuyiselwa ngokuphelele kumaclamshell containers kungezinye izinto zokudla, ziyizindlela eziningi zokuthi izinto zifike kumathuba okuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni okuthile ngokuphelele kodwa akwazi kufaka izinto ezisemthwakweni emthwakweni wokuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni noma kufika kumathuba okuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni okuthile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngakwenzeka ukuthi amaclamshell containers abuyiselwa kumathuba okuphatha izinto ezisemthwakweni okuthile?

Ukubuyiselwa kwemifula yezinkotho zokugcina kuzoba kuthathwa ngendlela yokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina kufana nokuthathwa kwezinto ezihlukene kanye nokuthathwa kwezindawo zokugcina zezindawo zokugcina. Imifula yezinkotho zokugcina eziyisiphephelo nezinkotho zokugcina zezinkotho zokugcina ziyakwenzeka kakhulu kanye ziyatholakala kumaphuzu amaningi, kodwa ukuthi izinkotho zokugcina zizihlukene kungabangela ukuthi zibuyiselwe emaphuzweni okuhlanganisa izinto. Imifula yezinkotho zokugcina eziyisiphephelo ziyakwenzeka kakhulu kanye ziyatholakala kumaphuzu amaningi, kodwa ukuthi izinkotho zokugcina zizihlukene kungabangela ukuthi zibuyiselwe emaphuzweni okuhlanganisa izinto. Imifula yezinkotho zokugcina eziyisiphephelo ziyakwenzeka kakhulu kanye ziyatholakala kumaphuzu amaningi, kodwa ukuthi izinkotho zokugcina zizihlukene kungabangela ukuthi zibuyiselwe emaphuzweni okuhlanganisa izinto. Izinkotho zokugcina eziyisiphephelo zingadingeki ukuthi zifakwe emifuleni yokubuyisela ngoba zihlukene kwezinkotho zokugcina zezinkotho zokugcina. Abasemthwakazi baya kubona izindlela zokugcina zezindawo zokugcina zezindawo zokugcina zezindawo zokugcina kanye nokuthathwa kwezinto ezihlukene kanye nokuthathwa kwezindawo zokugcina zezindawo zokugcina, ngoba ukuthathwa kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngendawo.

Izinkotho zokugcina eziyisiphephelo zingaba nzima kakhulu kwezinkotho zokugcina zezinkotho zokugcina?

Ukuthi iziqukathi ze-clamshell ezigayekayo zingcono yini emvelweni kunezinye izindlela zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kuncike kwingqalasizinda etholakalayo yokuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nezinto eziza kuqala emvelweni. Izindlela zokufaka umquba zinikeza izinzuzo ezindaweni ezinemishini yokufaka umquba etholakalayo yezentengiselwano nezinhlelo zokuqoqa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, okuvumela izakhi ukuba zibuyele enhlabathini kunokuba zihlale njengodoti wepulasitiki. Nokho, ezindaweni ezingenazo izakhiwo zokwenza umquba, iziqukathi ze-clamshell ezigayekayo ezithunyelwa ezindaweni zokulahla udoti zingadala ukungcola kwe-methane ngaphandle kokuletha izinzuzo zemvelo. Izitsha zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa kabusha zingafinyelela imiphumela engcono kakhulu kwezemvelo ezimakethe ezinamasistimu wokuphinda asebenze kahle kanye nezimakethe eziqinile zezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ukukhetha okuzinzile kunqunywa indawo ethile kunokuba kunqunywe yonke indawo ngezigaba zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeziqukathi zama-clamshell ziwohloke endaweni ezungezile?

Izinkambo zesithelo esizayo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini ezisemiselwe kwi-polystyrene, PET, noma i-polypropylene zihlala kumhlaba wokuzimela ngeminyaka engaphezu kwezintandathu kuya kwezizikhathi eziningi, zihlukana ku-microplastics kodwa akasenzi ukubuyisela kuzo ngokuphelele emazweni okuzimela. Izinkambo zesithelo esizayo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini ezenziwe ngokuthi zilungile ukusika kwezinkambo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini (compostable) ezisemiselwe kwi-PLA noma i-molded fiber zihlukana ngeminyaka eya kwe-90 kuya kwe-180 emhlabeni wokusika kwezinkambo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini (industrial composting) ngezimo eziphathelene nezinhemphe, umthelelo, nokuthi kunezibonakaliso zokusebenza kwamagama, kodwa zinokuhlala ngeminyaka eningi kulezinkambo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini (landfills), emhlabeni wokuhamba kwezilwane, noma emhlabeni wokusika kwezinkambo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini (home composting systems) lapho lezimo aziphathelene. Izinkambo zesithelo esizayo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini ezenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-fiber zihlukana ngokushesha kunezinkambo zesithelo esizayo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini (bioplastic) emhlabeni wokuzimela ngokuba zisemiselwe kwi-cellulose, kodwa izigaba zokuhlukana ziyahlanjiswa ngokuphelele ngokwemiphumela yezimo zomhlaba njengoko kunezinhemphe, umthelelo, ubukhulu bokuphuma kwamagama, nokuthi kunezibonakaliso zokusebenza kwamagama.

Yini okufanele abasendaweni bakhetha lapho baphinda bavula kuzo izinkambo zesithelo esizayo zokugcina izinto ezisemthwakathini ezisemiselwe kwezinto zokuzimela?

Amasosha esishintshayo kumaclamshell okwenzeka ngokuphelele kufanele abonise izinkinga zokusebenza, izinkinga zemali, ukuthi izinkulungwane zokukhishwa zinakho na, nokuthandekile kwezinkundla. Izinhlobo zemithi ezingafanele kufanele zilindele amasosha futhi zilungisele isimo sokubaluleka kwesikhathi sokuthumela nasekusetyenziswa ukuze asikwazi kuvimba ukuthi kuzide amakhudla okwenzeka ngokuphelele. Ukuzwa izinkulungwane zokuphatha izinto zokukhishwa kuleli bhalansi kufanele kusize ukuthi izinhlobo zemithi ezisayishwa zingatholakali kuzilungiselela ngokwempilo kodwa ziyabona ukuthi zinakho iziqiniseko zokuphelele kodwa akunakho indlela yokukhishwa yazo. Ubude bezilinganiso bemali phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaclamshell ezigcwele neziningi kuyakhipha ubukhulu bekubaluleka komnotho, kufanele kubonakaliswe ukuthi abazalwani bafuna ukubuyekeza ukuguqula imali noma kubuyekeza izindlela zokusebenza ukuze bakhulise imali enkulu yokuthenga izinhlobo zemithi. Ukubhabha ngokucacile ngezinkundla ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe ukukhishwa kwezinhlobo zemithi nokuthembisa ukuthi kuyabizwa ngokuphelele kufanele kusindise ukuthi abazalwani baphinde bamenye izindlela zokusebenza ukuze bakhulise izidingo zokuphelele.