Amasipholi Amanzi Angavunyelwe Ngokwesibonelo Sokudla: Okufanele Abuyi Bakwazi

Izidingo zokupakisha izinkulu zinika iziphumo ezikhulu kubunzima bocwaningi, ubuhle bokuthengisa, nokufufumana ukuvumela kwemithombo yezinhlangano. Ngokwakha kwezinye izindaba zokuzimela ngokuphelele kokusebenza kwamaphakathi okukhulula amakhemikhali, izinkulungwane zokupakisha izinkulu ezingavumelekile kubaphakathi zokupakisha izinkulu zizihlukile kumaqembu ayo okupakisha izinkulu nezinkulungwane zokupakisha izinkulu. Kusukela ekutheni abathengi bafundwa ukuthenga izinkulungwane zokugcina izinkulu nezinkulungwane zokupakisha izinkulu, ukuzwa izigqibelelo zokusebenza, izivumelwano zokusebenza kwamaphakathi, nokubona izindlela zokusebenza zokupakisha izinkulu ezingavumelekile kubaphakathi zokupakisha izinkulu kuyisisekelo sokwenza izidingo zokuthenga ezilungile ekukhetheni izinkulungwane ezithembekile zokupakisha izinkulu ezithembekile zokupakisha izinkulu futhi ekukhetheni izinkulungwane ezithembekile zokupakisha izinkulu ezithembekile zokupakisha izinkulu.

Ukuguqula kwi-iplastik ezingavaliyo i-BPA yokuqala kwezinto ezinhliziyo zokudla kubonisa ukuthi sibuyele kuzo izindlela zokufunda ngamaphakathi okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali nokuthi kungani kusukela kwezinkumbulo kumafood products. Noma i-bisphenol A ibonakaliswe njengokusebenza kahle kwi-indistri yamaplastik ngama-dekadi amabili ngekhaya ngokuthi iyathola isithembiso sokuphatha nokuthi kuyasebenza kahle, izinkinga eziqondwe ngamaphakathi okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali nokuthi kuzokwenzeka ukuthi kuzofika kumsebenzi wendawo yomuntu kwenza ukuthi kubekwe iziphumo zokulawula nokuthi abaseli bafuna izinto eziphansi kwezinye. Abaseli abazoyiqonda le ndlela kufanele bahlaziye ngokwesibonelo ukuthi i-BPA ayikho kuphela kodwa futhi izimo zezinto ezizokubuyisa, ukuthi ziyasebenza njani kwezinye izinto ezinhliziyo, ukuthi ziyathola ukuthi zihlale kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala, nokuthi ukuthi iziqiniseko zokuthi zilungile kakhulu ziyathola ukuthi zilungile kakhulu.

Ukuzwisisa i-BPA nokuthi kungani ukuthi kuyisifundiswa ekupheleni kwamaphakathi okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali

Ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali kwe-BPA kwi-plastik ezenziwe ngokuvamile

IBisphenol A isebenzela umkhakha wokwakha emaphlastikhi e-polycarbonate ne-epoxy resins, okwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, ezinamandla, enezinkinga zokuphambana kwezinye nezinhlayo zokuphambana nokuphambana kwesikhathi sokunquma. Kuzinkotha zempilo, i-BPA yasendula ukwakha kwezinkotha ezingenamandla, ezingenakho ukubonakala, okwenzekile ukuba zibe nesikhathi eside sokusebenzisa, kanye nokusebenzisa kwe-dishwasher kanye nokuphakamisa kwe-microwave ngaphandle kokukhula kwezinhlayo. Isimo semolekhyuli ye-BPA sivumela ukuthi izihlakalo zemolekhyuli zihlanganise ngokwamandla, okwenza ukuthi izinkotha zizokhulula kakhulu, zibe nesikhathi sokuphambana kwezinhlayo, kanye zinamandla okuvikela ukuthi amanzi ne-oxygen azokhulula impilo yempilo.

Ukuthi kusebenziswa kakhulu kwe-BPA kwamaphakathi emisweli kwenza ukuthi kubhekwe njengokuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa lezi zinto ngokufanele, futhi kusukela kwezindlela zokwenza izinto ngokulula kakhulu. Amaphakathi amathuba okwepolycarbonate okwenzelwe i-BPA akhombisa ubunzima obufanayo no-glass kodwa abe bengaphezulu kakhulu, okuphutha izindlela zokuhambisa futhi ukunciphisa izinkinga zokugqibela kwezindawo zokusebenzisa imisweli emakhaya. Kepha, le ndlela yokuqondwa yekhemikhali okuyimisebenzi yalezi zinto ayikho nasezinye izindlela zokuthi i-BPA ibe yilizwi elingaphansi kwezinye izinyathelo, ikhuluma kumisweli kanye nezinto ezingenwa, isibonelo, lapho kuzwa kwezinye izinkathi, izinto ezingenwa ngokuvutha, noma kusukela kwezinye izinkathi ezingenwa ngokuphakade okuphutha ukuthi kubekwe kakhulu.

Izinkinga zokuphila okuzimele ukuthi kubuyekeze i-BPA-Free

Ucwaningo lwesayensi oluhlanganisa ukuchayeka kwe-BPA nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine lwabangela ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo nokuguqulwa kwemakethe emkhakheni wokupakisha ukudla. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-BPA ingalingisa i-estrogen ezinhlelweni ezingokwemvelo, ingase iphazamise izindlela zokudlulisela izimpawu zama-hormone ngisho nasemazingeni aphansi. Ukukhathazeka kwaqina ngabantu abasengozini kuhlanganise nezinsana, izingane ezincane nabesifazane abakhulelwe, lapho ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni phakathi namafasitela abalulekile okukhula kungabangela imiphumela ehlala njalo ekukhuleni, ekuthuthukiseni umzimba nasempilweni yokuzala.

Amasayensi okuvumela amandla ayaphinda aphinde ayabulawa ngokubhakisha kwezindlela zokuphatha izinto ezinamandla e-BPA kuzo zonke izinto zokudlala ngezinkomiso. I-EU ibulawile i-BPA kubhabhathini bokudla, ngakumbi amasayensi amaningi ayabulawa kuzo zonke izinto zokudlala ngezinkomiso. Lezi ziqinisekiso zokuvumela zazisombisa isikhundla sokuthi izinhlangano zokudlala ngezinkomiso zazifuna ukukhipha ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphambili kwezinqumo, njengoba izinhlangano zokudlala ngezinkomiso zazifuna ukukhipha ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphambili kwezinqumo futhi ukuthi kubekwe ngokuhambisana nokuthandwa kwabantu bakudla okungabi nesilimi esihlukene. Kumaqembu okuthenga izinkomiso zokudlala ngezinkomiso, leli qiniso lokuvumela luyadinga ukubheka ngokuphambili ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphambili kwezinqumo kuzo zonke izindawo nezinhlangano zokudlala ngezinkomiso.

Izindlela Zokuphatha Nokuthi Kuselwa Ukuthi Kube Nokuthi Kuselwa

Ukuqonda ukuthi bani ubunzima obukhona kubaphakathi be-BPA kusuka emaphakathini kufudumelela kubhodhi kusiza abasengi ukubala izinkinga futhi bakhethe izinkokhelo zokupakisha eziphakade. Izinhamba zokufudumela zizwele kakhulu ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokuphakama kwesikhathi, okwenza ukuthi izibhodhi ezihlukile nezibhodhi zokuphakama kuzoba nezinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu ukuthi zifudumelwe ngokwesibhodhi esinelelo le-BPA. Izibhodhi ezinamandla njengezibhodhi zezitomati, izibhodhi zezinye izinye nezibhodhi zokuvula kuzoba nezinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu ukuthi zifudumelwe ngokuthi zihlula isithembiso sezinkokhelo zokupakisha futhi zisiza ukuthi i-BPA ifudumele kumatrikhes yezilwane.

Umbongo wokugcina nokusebenzisa kwezinto zokugcina kufaka isiphumo ekuthintweni kwesikhathi sokuthintwa, ukuthatha okuningi kwamandla okuphakanyisa, ukusula okuphambili, nokukhanya kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina kubadala amatriki we-polymer okuhlela futhi kwenza izindlela ezincono yokuthumela izinkemikali ngokushisana. Izisifundo zokudla zokusebenzisa izinto zokugcina zezinkemikali emazini apho kuzokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokukhulu nokuguqula ngokukhulu kuzoba nezinkinga eziphakeme yokuthintwa kungezinye izinto zokugcina zokusebenzisa ngokugcina. Ngoko ke abathengi kufanele bahlaziye ngokungafanele kuphela ukuthintwa kwesikhathi sokugcina kodwa futhi ukuthintwa kwesikhathi sokugcina nokuthintwa kwesikhathi sokuthintwa kuyaphakama kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenzisa okuzokwenzeka ngokwesibonelo esihlukile.

Izinhlobo zezinto zokugcina ezingenabiza le-BPA zokudla

I-polypropylene njengezinhlobo eziphakeme zezinto zokugcina ezingenabiza le-BPA

I-polipropileni liyagqibha njengomthwalo wokwahluka kakhulu kwamazinkolo eplastik engavayi i-BPA okukhanyisa ukudla ngokwakho ukuthi akufuneki ukusebenzisa amaqoqo e-bisphenol ekuphuhliseni. Le polimeya yomthwalo wokuhlanya uthembela ukuthi iyathola ukuthintana kahle nesikhathi, iyaphatha indawo yokubamba isithunzi kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokuchitha, futhi iyathola ukuthi akusenzi ukuthi amasimahla ayo ayodlula kumzinkolo wokudla. Amazinkolo e-polipropileni ayathola ukuthi ayadlula ukuchitha kwe-microwave, ukugcina emfrezini, nokugcina emfrezini ngaphandle kokuthi ayathulela amakhemikhali okungcono noma ayabulawa ngokuphelele okungahlinzi ukudla.

Izinkokhelo zokusebenza kwe-polypropylene ziyakunceda kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwamazinkisi okuphatha izinkomzo ezingafuneki ukuzilahla kwezinsizakalo zokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinkokhelo eziningi ezinokuthi zibekile ngokushesha noma zihlukile kakhulu xa zihlahlwa, i-polypropylene ibuyela isebenza yayo emva kokuhlanzwa kwezinkokhelo zokuhlala kwezinkomo kanye nezinsizakalo zokusebenza kwe-microwave. Lokhu kunceda abathengi ukubeka isithembiso esisodwa kumkhakha wokusebenza kwezinkomzo zokuhlala kwezinkomo kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphatha izinkomzo, okunceda ukulahla ukugcina izinto zokusebenza kanye nokuphepha ukuthenga ngokuvamile, futhi ukuthi ubudlelwano obusodwa be-BPA bube khona kuzo zonke izinhlanganiso.

Izisekelo zokusebenza kwe-High-Density Polyethylene

I-HDPE (high-density polyethylene) isebenza ngokugcina amasipholi asebhokisi abe yinkambo engenakho i-BPA, kusukela ku-izinto zokudla, futhi kubalulekile kakhulu ekuphatheni ukuthi izinto zokudla ziyaphatha ngokuphelele noma ziyabulawa. Amasipholi ase-HDPE ayinika ubunzima obungcono kunazo zonke izinto zokudla zezithuthi zokudla, okuyisibonelo sokuthi ziyasebenza kahle kuzo zonke izindawo zokuthengisa, ukugcina izinto zokudla ngokubanzi, nokusebenza kwezindawo zokudla lapho amasipholi aphatha ngokuphelele noma aphatha ukuthi zihlabe. Lezinto ziyabulawa ngokuzenzakale ukuthi amanzi ayiphatha ngaphandle, okuhlinzekile izinto zokudla ezenziwe ngamandla ngokuthi ziyabulawa ngokuphelele, futhi zihlinzekile izinto zokudla ezilwandle ukuze zingabulawe ngaphandle kwamasipholi.

Ngakho ukuthi i-HDPE ayikho inkampani yokuqonda kwe-polycarbonate, izifomiletha zokubonakala ngokwesibonelo noma zokungabonakali zisebenza kumazwe amaningi okupakisha amasosha, apho ukubona ngokwesibonelo ishishini asilomthetho kangaka kulokho okuhlanganisa ukulinda. Amasosha ayezinkampani, amasosha ayezinkampani, namasosha ayezinkampani asebenzisa i-HDPE amaphakathi okubaluleka kokuthengisa nokusebenza kahle. Abathengi bayaqiniseka ukuthi i-HDPE amaphakathi ayisemthethweni ayakhula kancane kokutha kwe-polypropylene, futhi leyo iyakhiqiza ukuthi akuyiyo yinto ephambili ekusetyenziseni kwe-microwave noma ekusetyenziseni kwe-hot-fill apho ukubaluleka kokuba kuyisibonelo esihle kwezintempelature ezikhulu kuyisibonelo esibalulekile.

Tritan Copolyester Technology

I-Tritan copolyester yisibonisa umkhakha wesikhathi esithile esingasenzi ngaphandle kwe-BPA, okwenzelwe ngokuphelele ukufana nokuhlakanipha nokuthula kwe-polycarbonate ngaphandle kokukhuluma kwemithombo ye-bisphenol. Lomkhakha ubona ngokuhlakanipha kwe-glass ngempela, ngakho akathola ukuthula kwe-impact okungcono kunezinye izikhathi zesikhathi sokusebenza esihlukaniswe ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-food. Izinkothama zika-Tritan zizokwamukela ukuzilayisha kwe-dishwasher ngamahora amaningi ngaphandle kokubona ngokuhlakanipha noma ukuthi kubhekwe isibonelo sokugqibela esinokuthabatha amaswidi futhi sikhululeka ukuthula kwe-hygiene kwezinhlangano zokusebenza kwe-food.

Ukubuyisela kwezinto zokudla zase-Tritan kubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokusebenzisa izinto zokudla zibiza ngokuphezulu kunazo zezinhloso zokusebenzisa izinto eziningi njengoko zase-polypropylene ne-HDPE. Abathengi kufanele bahlale bahlaziye ukuthi ukuthi izindlela eziyinkulu zokubonisa nokuzimela kuzokwenzeka ngokuphezulu kokuthengiswa kwezinye izinto zokudla ngokwesikhundla sakho esithile. Izinsizakalo ezinokuthi ukubonisa kuzokwenza umlando wabantu, njengoko kuzokwenza kwezindlu zokuthenga izinto zokudla kanye nezindawo zokusebenzisa izinto zokudla eziphakeme, kungabona ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ukuthenga izintliziyo zase-Tritan, kodwa izindawo zokugcina kanye nokwenza izinto zokudla kuzokwenzeka ngokwesikhundla sokunika izinto zokudla ezingenakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi zingena ngokuphezulu kwezinye izinto ezinokukhetha ngokuphezulu kwezinye izinto zokudla.

Izindlela zokuhlaziya okuphezulu kwezintliziyo zokudla ezingenakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi zingena ngokuphezulu kwezinye izinto zokudla

Ukuthiwe nokuqwaliselwa kwamaphoyinti

Ukuthi kubonakaliswe ngokuthi kusetyenziswa ukuthi kubhalwe ngu-ithri-pati ayisibonelo esinamandla sokubhekisa kumaphakathi okukhetha izinkothama zemithambo engenabhotholezi yaseBPA. Abathengisi abanobunzulu bakhuphela amadokhumenti kusuka emazilabolishini e-accredited okubonisa ukuthi imithambo ayikho nokubonakala kubo i-BPA futhi ibuyela kumilingo we-migration okwakhiwe ngamaphakathi okulawula, njengoko kwenza i-FDA, i-European Food Safety Authority, kanye namaphakathi amaningi ayo ekhethwe. Abathengi kufanele babuyeke amadokhumenti e-safety data sheets yomthambo wonke, amaphesitile we-migration athathwe ngokusebenzisa amaprothokholi e-recognized, kanye nezicertifikethi ezihambisana nesikhundla sokusebenza kwe-food contact esifanele, kodwa akufanele bavumele izicertifikethi zokuthi “zingezi BPA” ngokungafani noma ngokungabonakali.

Ukufunda kwemithambo yokuzilungisa ukungabi nge-BPA kuyaphakanyiswa kakhulu ekubaleni ukuthi izimpendulo zokuhloleka ziyisivumelwano. Ukuzilungisa okuphelele kuzikhasi kuzifundwa ngokwesikhathi esiphambili sokukhanya kwezinto ezinamandla, isikhathi eside sokuxhumana, nokusebenzisa izinkqubo zokufunda okuzifundisa izinto ezinamandla, ezinamandla, ezingaphansi, nezinamandla zokudla. Izikhasi ozikhiphiwe ngale mithambo yokuzilungisa yezinye izinhloso zokuzilungisa ziyabonisa ukuthi zizokhuluma ngokuphelele ngokugcina izinhloso zokusebenza kwezinye izinhloso zokusebenza, kodwa ukuzilungisa okukhuliswe kusukela ku-ambient temperature noma kusukela kwezinye izinkqubo zokufunda okuzifundisa izinto ezinamandla kungakwazi ukubona ukuthi izinto ziyahamba phakathi kokusebenza kokusebenza.

Ukusebenza Kwetempiletha Nokuthi Kuyasinda

Izisombululo sezinkinga zokugcina izindawo zokuphatha ukuthi izinkotho zezinkomo zezilwane ziyakwazi ukubaluleka nokusebenza ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izindlela zokuchaza, ukuchaza, nokugcina. Abathengi kufanele bakhonqwe izinkinga zokuchaza zezinkotho nezinkinga zokusebenza zokusho, kakhulu ukuthi izinkotho ezichazwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukusebenza kwe-microwave kufanele zibaleke isimo sakho nesikhundla sokukhupha amakhemikhali xa zihlwa ngokungafanani kwe-microwave okuyizindlela zokusambela kwakho. Ngokufanayo, izinkotho ezichazwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukusebenza kwe-freezer kufanele zibe nesibindi sokukhupha nokukhwelela xa zihlwa ngokungafanani kwezinkinga zokuchaza zokuhamba kwe-freezer ku-temperature yasekhaya.

Ukuthiwa kwezinkulungwane zokugcina umoya kubonisa ukuthi amakhemikhali amaphakathi ayenza ukuthi abe nemiphumela yazo ngokuphambuka kwezinkulungwane. Amabhokisi aphika noma aphika kwezinkulungwane zokugcina umoya zokuthi abe nemiphumela yazo, zithi zibuyele emva kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo, noma zithi zibuye emva kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo, okukhomba ukuthi izinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo ziyathintwa, futhi ukuthi amabhokisi ayatholakala ngokuphambuka kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo. Amaservisi wezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo ezisebenzisa amabhokisi amaphakathi kuzo ukuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo, kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo, noma kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo, zidinga amakhemikhali okuthi abe nemiphumela yazo okuthi abe nemiphumela yazo kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo okuthi abe nemiphumela yazo kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo ukuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo ukuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo kwezinkulungwane zokuthi zibe nemiphumela yazo.

Amaphuzu Okuthi Akhanyelwe Nokuthi Akhanyelwe Kwezinkulungwane Zokuthi Zibe Nemiphumela Yazo

Ukuhambisana kwezinkinga zokubhekisa kuyimfuneko yokubhekisa ukuthi izinkothama zezinto ezihlukahlukene zokudla ziyabhekisa yini amazwi okuqondwa, amanzi, ilight, nokuthi izinto zokuhambisana kwezinhlobo zokudla ziyabhekisa yini ukuthi zilahleke ngokugcina kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kusukela ekugcineni kanye nokuthumela. Izinkothama ezingavali BPA zihlukahlukene ngokuhambisana kwazo, noma zingakwazi ukubhekisa kahle amanzi kodwa zivumela ukuthi okuqondwa kuhambise kahle, noma zibhekisa kahle okuqondwa kodwa zivumela ukuthi amanzi kuhambise kahle. Abathengi kufanele bakhokhokhe izinkinga zokubhekisa nezinkinga zokugcina kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze bazime ukuthi kuzalise kahle, ukuthi isithunzi sishintshwe, nokuthi isithunzi sokudla sishintshwe, okuyizindlela zokuhlula ukuthi izinto zihlukahlukene.

Ukuthi izinkotha eziningi zezindawo zokugcina ezingasetshenziswa ngokwesibonelo esihlukene kuzo kusenza ukuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa okungcono kwezinkotha ezinye nje ngokusebenzisa izithuthu ezihlukene, ngokuhlanganisa iziphumo zokuphuma kwezinye ngokwesibonelo. Izindlela ezibalulekile lezi zingathatha isikhathi sokubhokisa okunye ngezithuthu zokugcina ezihlukene, okwenza ukuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa ngaphandle kokuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa ngokwesibonelo esihlukene, okwenza ukuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa ngaphandle kokuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa ngokwesibonelo esihlukene. Ukuthi kubhokiswe kwezinkotha eziningi zezindawo zokugcina kuyasebenza ngokwesibonelo esihlukene kwezinkotha ezinye nje ngokusebenzisa izithuthu ezihlukene, okwenza ukuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa ngaphandle kokuthi zibe nenkulu yamandla yokubhokisa ngokwesibonelo esihlukene.

Izinto ezilandelwayo ekusebenzeni kwezokuthenga kwezincwadi zokusebenza kwezifundo

Ukuphatha kanye nokubuyisela kwamanqula

Ukuthi izinkotha zokusebenzisa kabusha izinkotha zama-plastikhi zokwesekwa kuzoba nezinkinga zokufinyelela kwezindlela zokusebenza kuzokubaluleka ukusukela ekupheleni kwamandla okusebenzisa kakhulu ukuze kubhekwe indawo yokuthenga ngaphambi kokuthengiselwa kwezinkotha ezisungulwe ngokuphelele. Izinkotha ezingenakho i-BPA zihlukahlukene kakhulu ngokuthi zinakha ukuthi zibuyele kusuka kuzo ukuthi zithathelwe, zilandelwe, nokuthi ziqhubeka ngokuthatha amandla angaphezu kwezinye izinkotha ngokuthi zingasindisi ngokugcwele futhi ziyabuyela ngokuphela. Izinkotha zama-polypropylene ezweni lokusebenza kakhulu zizokubona izikhathi eziningi zokusebenzisa ngokuphelele emisebenzini yezinkotha zokuthatha amandla ngokuphelele uma zilandelwe ngendlela ephambili, kodwa izinkotha ezingaphansi kakhulu zingadli ngokuphela ngokuphela kwezikhathi eziningi ngokuthi zihlabe, zihlabe, noma zihlabe kwezinkotha zokuthatha amandla.

Ukubhalisa imiphumela yomsebenzi wokusebenzisa izinkotha ngokwempilo kusinika idatha ezingenabona ukufaka izinkinga zokulinganisa izindlela zokuthenga nokuzilungiselela. Izinto ezifana ne-temperature yokuvala, i-chemistry yamadetergent, izinhleli zokusebenzisa ngokwezinye, nokufundisa abasebenzi kubangela ukuthi izinkotha ziphinde zibe nesikhathi eside sokusebenza. Abathengi kufanele badele izinkotha ezizokuthengwa ngokwempilo, bafunde izinkotha zokuphuma kanye nezindlela zokuphakama ukuze bakhuthazele amaphethini okuthengisa wonke engenabona, kodwa akasivunyelwe ukuthi baphendulele kuphela emazwi yabantu abahamba izinkotha ezingenabona ukuthi zibe nesikhathi eside sokusebenza, okungaba yizindlela zokusebenza zokugcina ezihlukene kunezindlela zokusebenza zokugcina.

Ukuhambisana nezinhleli zezinhleli zokusebenza nezinhleli zokusebenza

Ukugcina kwezinto ezintsha zokuchitha izinkomishi zokudla kufanele kube lungele ukusebenza ngamaphakathi amanquma okusebenzela, izinhlangano zokugcina, nokusebenza kwemisebenzi. Amabala okwesikhundla kufanele kubuyeke kwezinhlangano zokugcina, izinhlangano zokuhlisa isikhalipho, nezinkomishi zokuthumela ukuze sibuyisele ukuthi kuzosindwa izinkundla zokusebenza noma ukusebenza okungafanele ngokwesikhundla esingafanele. Ukuvumela izinkomishi zokuchitha eziphakanyiswe ngamabala amathathu kanye nokukhanya kwezinkundla zokugcina kusiza ekuphakanyiseni ukusebenza ngokwesikhundla sokugcina futhi kusiza ekuphakanyiseni ukusebenza kwezinhlangano zokuhlisa isikhalipho nokugcina.

Imithombo yokuvala kuvamele isibonelo esinezimbi kakhulu sokubaluleka kokuhambisana, ngoba ukungahambisani phakathi kwezinkambo zokugcina nezindlela zokuvula kungasiphatha kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ziyagcinwa, ukungavaliwa kwezinkambo, nokuthi izinto zizokhula ngokungafanele futhi kungasiphatha ekupheleni kwesikhumbuzo sokukhulula izinto ezingatholakalanga. Abathengi kufanele bahlale bahlaziye ukuthi izifomu zokuvula ezithile zingabangela ukuthi abathengi bazobuyela kumunye umthengi kuphela, okungaba yisibopho sokuthi abathengi bangezwe ngokwesikhundla, noma izinkambo ziyasebenza ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuvula ezithile zokuthi ziyasebenza ngokwesikhundla, okusiza ukuthi abathengi baphendule kumunye umthengi noma kumabili, futhi kubangela ukuthi izindlela zokuthenga zibe nenkimbinkimbi. izinkothama zesiPhansi sokwakha kwezinto zokudla izindlela zokusebenza zokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuvula ezithile zingabangela ukuthi abathengi bafunde ukuthi zingabangela ukuthi abathengi bazobuyela kumunye umthengi kuphela, kodwa ukuthi izinkambo ziyasebenza ngokwesikhundla zingabangela ukuthi abathengi baphendule kumunye umthengi noma kumabili, futhi kubangela ukuthi izindlela zokuthenga zibe nenkimbinkimbi.

Ukufundisa abasebenzi nezindlela zokusebenzisa ngokulinganayo

Nangona ukuthi izinkothama zezinkulungwane zokudla zibe ne-BPA-free zokuphakamisa, kuzoba yisimo esingasemthethweni uma abasebenzi abanomlando wokusebenzisa ngokuphelele nokuhlanza ngokuphelele. Iziprogram zokufunda kufanele zibhekise kumilingo wezintemperatura zezinkothama zokusebenza ezahlukene, izindlela zokuchaza okuphelele, nokusebenzisa amathuba angavunyelwa njengekusebenzisa izinkothama eziphakamileyo kwe-microwave kwe-oven noma ukubeka izinkothama zokugcina kwe-freezer emaqhishini okuchaza okuphelele. Izifundo zokubhala ngokucacile kuzoba yindlela yokuvikela ukusebenzisa ngokungafanele okungahlinzeka ukuthi kubhekwe isibonelo sokudla noma kubhekwe ukuthi izinkothama zihlukana.

Imithambo yokuhlola ekhombisa izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphatha kwezinto zokugcina ezingenakho ukuthi zihlale ngokuphelele, kubangela ukuthi kuzosukwa ngokushesha kabusha phambi kokuthi izinto zokugcina ezingenakho ukuthi zihlale ngokuphelele zizame ukuthi zibuyise isikhundla sokubuyisela isilungelo sokudla. Izinkomba ezibonakalayo zokuchaza ukuthi izinto zokugcina ezingenakho ukuthi zihlale ngokuphelele ziyasuka kuqala, njengoko kufanekayo kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina, ukuthi kubonakala okungafanelekile, ukuthi kusuka kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina, noma ukuthi kusuka kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina, kubonisa ukuthi izinto zokugcina ezingenakho ukuthi zihlale ngokuphelele zisuka kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina futhi zidinga ukuthi zihlalwe ngokuphelele. Ukwenza izinyathelo zokuhlola ngokuphelele futhi ukuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi baphume izinto zokugcina ezingenakho ukuthi zihlale ngokuphelele kusukela kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina kubangela ukuthi isilungelo sokudla sishaywa ngokuphelele, futhi kubangela ukuthi kutholakala imininingwane yokusebenzisa izinto zokugcina ezingenakho ukuthi zihlale ngokuphelele, okuyabangela ukuthi kutholakala ukuthi kuzosukwa ngokushesha kabusha futhi ukuthi kutholakala ukuthi kuzosukwa ngokushesha kabusha.

Ukuzimiswa kwezinhlangano zokulawula futhi ukuthi kuzofakwa emarketini

Izinhlangano zokulawula zasezinye izingxenye

Imithetho yokuqondana nezinkulu ziyahlanza kakhulu emazwe onke, kubangela ukuthi kubhekiswe kwezinkinga zokuvumela ngokwesibonelo abathengi baphatha izinkothama zezinkulu zokusebenza kuzo ezinkulu zezinkulu zokugcina noma kuzo izindawo eziyisibini. Imithetho yase-Europe yaFramewok 1935/2004 nePlastics Regulation 10/2011 ibeka imiphumela eyinkulu ngokuhlanganisa izinto, ukuphakanyiswa kwemithombo, nokuthenga kwezincwadi okuyingaphezu kwezinye izindawo. Izinkothama ezinomthetho wase-EU ziqinisekisa imithetho yezindawo zonke, kodwa abathengi kufanele bavumile ukuthi kunezimvume zokusebenza kwezindawo zabo, akasivumelwanga ukuthi ziyasebenza konke.

Izinkinga zokuthenga kwezindaba zihambisana phambi kokuthenga kwakwesibini ukuze kufanele kubekho ukubonakaliswa kwezinye izikhathi kanye nokuthenga kwakwesibini kwenye indawo yokuqondisa umsebenzi. Abathengi kufanele bakhuthaze izinhlelo ezithola izivinini zemithi, iziphumo zezifundo zokuhamba kanye nezivinini zabadala abasendaweni okuthenga okubonisa ukuthi kuzosindiswa izimpendulo zokulawula ngokwemithi yonke eyasebenzisa kusuka kwezinkambo zokudla. Izindaba zokuthenga ezithunywa kumthwalo wokuthenga kuyabusa ukuthi kungabikho ukuthwasa kwezimpendulo zokulawula futhi kuyasiza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokukhawuleza emazwi amabili abathengi kanye nezimpendulo zokuthenga ezithunywa ngabathengi bakudla abadinga ukubonakalisa ukuthi izinkambo zokudla zizosindiswa.

Amazwi Okusindiswa Kwaye Ukubeka Kwesikhundla Somhlaba

Ukuthi i-container yasezinkundleni ayinakubhala i-BPA ngokwesandla akuyona umsebenzi wokuphatha okunamandla kakhulu okukhomba ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe ngokwesandla kwezindawo zokuthenga izinkundleni zasezinkundleni, futhi abathengi abanamandla kakhulu kwezinhloso zokulinda izulu. Abathengi kufanele bahlale bavumelana ngezinto ezisemthwakweni, ukuthi kungafakwa kwezinye izinto eziphathelene nezinhloso zokulinda izulu, ukuthi kungafakwa kwezinye izinto eziphathelene nezinhloso zokulinda izulu, nokuthi kungafakwa kwezinye izinto eziphathelene nezinhloso zokulinda izulu lapho kuzokhethwa izinkundleni zasezinkundleni zokuthenga izinkundleni zasezinkundleni. Izinto ezithile njenge-polypropylene ne-HDPE ziyabenefta kwezinhloso zokuvuselela kwezinye izindawo, kodwa izipolimha ezihlukene zingasifaka kwezinhloso zokuvuselela ngaphandle kokuthi zibe nenkambo yokusebenza ngokwesandla kwezinye izinto ezithile.

Ukubhalwa kwezindlela zokuhlela izinto ezihlukene zokugcina izinto zokusebenza kufanele kubhekisele ku-izindlela zokuproducwa, umkhondo wokuthumela, ukuphindeleka kwemithombo, nokuthi kuzoba yini ngemuva kokusebenza kakhulu, kungafanele kube yindlela eyodwa yokubhala ngokubhala ngokuthi kungasuswanga. Izinkothama eziphambili ezinokusebenziswa kabanzi okuningi kungenza ukuthi zibe nesibonelo esihle kakhulu sokulandela izindlela zokuhlela izinto zokusebenza kunezinkothama ezingasuswanga ezinokusebenziswa umsho ombili kuphela uma ukubhalwa kubhekisele kubhekelela ukuthi kungasuswanga ukuproducwa kwezinkothama ezintsha. Abathengi bafune ukuthi ababone ukubhalwa kwezindlela zokuhlela izinto zokusebenza kwezinye izifundo ezisemthwakathini, futhi babhekelele ukuthi isibonelo sokuhlela izinto zokusebenza sifanana nezinhloso eziqondiwe ngokuvamile kungafanele kube yizinhloso ezingavamile zokubhala ngokuthi kungasuswanga.

Amazwi okubhala futhi amazwi okubhala kubantu abasebenzisa

Ukubhabhisa kwezinye izinto ngokucacile ngokuthi i-BPA ayikho kulesi qembu, nokusebenzisa ngokuphelele amathuba okusebenzisa amathuba akhethekile, kuyasebenza kwezinhloso zokuzivikela ukuthi kwenziwe ngokufanele kwezomthetho kunye nokuthi abathengi bakhale isibonelo. Amazwe amaningi akhethe izimbolo ezithile, amakholi wezokuvula, namabizo okuxhumana nesigaba esihlukene kwezinkambo zokusebenzisa izinkambo zokudla ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuzwa ngokuthi yini lezinkambo ziyisiphi futhi ukuthi kufanele kube yini ukusebenzisa kona. Abathengi kufanele bakhalise ukuthi izibhalo zokuhlanganisa kwezinkambo ziyagcina konke okufanele kwezizwe zokuthengisa, ngokunikeza izibhalo ezicacile zokusebenzisa okungavunyelwa ukusebenzisa ngokungafanele nokuthi kungahloniphi isibonelo sokuxhumana nesigaba.

Amazwi okuhlanganisa ngokuthi i-plastic ayikho kona i-BPA kufanele aqiniseke ngamandla okuhlanganisa futhi abe nemithombo yokuqinisekisa okuyadingekile ngalokho okuyakhiwa ngendawo. Amazwi amaningi ngokuthi i-plastic ayikho kona i-BPA kanye nezinye izinto ezihambisana nayo ayidinga ubukhulu bakho bokuziqinisekisa, kodwa amazwi amathile okuhlanganisa ngokwesiqondiso sokubili nesiphumo sesifundo sasemthwakweni asingaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele. Abathengi kufanele baphinde baphilane nabasupplya ababonisa indlela efanayo yokuthi amazwi akwenzeka njengoba kufanele, futhi abe nemithombo yokuziqinisekisa okuyakwazi ukuphatha ukuziqinisekisa kwemikhono yezomnotho kanye nokuziqinisekisa kokugcina.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini okwenza i-container yaseplastiki ibe yindlela yempilo yokuthi ayikho kona i-BPA, futhi abathengi bakhokhela kanjani leli sibonelo?

Ikhaya lesilika esingasoloko sika-BPA lisilinganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngokungakho kwe-BPA kwisitshixo samo nasezindaweni zokwenza, kusondela kubonakaliswa ngokuziqonda kwesikolo sokuziqonda ukuthi i-BPA ayikho emanzini okukhulu okwenzekayo. Abathengi bavumisa lokhu ngokuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe ukuziqonda kwezikhundla zokuziqonda eziphathelene ngezinkambo zokuziqonda ezithile, okwenzekayo ngokuziqonda kokuthi i-BPA ishusha ngokwesikhundla sokuziqonda ngokwesikhundla sokuziqonda se-FDA, se-EU, noma izikhundla ezifanayo. Ukuvumisa okupheleleyo kufuneka kubonakalise ukuthi amaphaphele okuziqonda akhiwe ngokupheleleyo, okubonisa ukuthi i-BPA ayikho emanzini okukhulu okwenzekayo kwezinye izinto zokudlala izinkambo zokudla nasezindaweni zokuchaza, kodwa akayi ukuvumela izizathu zokuthenga ngaphandle kokuthi kubonakaliswe ukuthi kuyisibonelo sokuziqonda. Ukubiza amaphaphele okusebenzisa izinto zokuxhumana nesikhundla sokuziqonda nasezikhundla zokuthenga ukuthi kuyisibonelo sokuthi ayikho i-BPA kuyisibonelo esingenabizo sokuvumisa ukuthi ayikho i-BPA.

Kungakanani ukuthi izikhaya zesilika esingasoloko sika-BPA zokudla zihambisana ngokulinganisa nezikhaya zokudla zezinhloso zokuziphatha ngokwesikhundla sokuziqonda?

Izinkulungwane zokusebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuphakamisa izinkulungwane zokudla ezisemthethweni zokungafunywa i-BPA ziyathola amaphutha okuthengiselwa okuphakeme kakhulu kusukela ku-kuhlala kancane ku-kuhlala kakhulu, kuyisiphelo sokwahlukaniswa kwemithambo yokusebenzisa nokubalwa kokusebenza. Izinkulungwane zokusebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuphakamisa izinkulungwane zokudla ezisemthethweni zokungafunywa i-BPA njenge-polypropylene ne-HDPE ziyabizwa ngokufanana noma ziyakhula kancane kwezinkulungwane zokuphakamisa izinkulungwane zokudla ezisemthethweni zokusebenzisa i-polycarbonate, ngakumbi izinkulungwane ezingenye njenge-Tritan copolyester ziyabizwa ngamaphutha amakhulu okuhlanganisa ukuzimela kwezinkulungwane nezinhlobo zokusebenzisa ezincane. Ukubalwa kwesikhundla sokuthengiselwa kuzo zonke kufanele kubhalwe isibonelo sokuphakamisa, isibonelo sokusebenzisa kabusha, iziphumo zokuvumela imithambo yezomnotho, nezindlela zokuvikela isibalo sokuthengiselwa, kungekho kuphela ukubalwa kwamaphutha okuthengiselwa ngalokho. Abathengi abaningi bafuna ukuthi izinkulungwane zokuphakamisa izinkulungwane zokudla ezisemthethweni zokungafunywa i-BPA ziyathola iziphumo ezinconywayo lapho izinhlolo zokusebenzisa kuzo zonke nezindlela zokuvikela ukungabiyo kuzo ziyabhalwa ngokuphelele.

Ngaba izinkulungwane zokuphakamisa izinkulungwane zokudla ezisemthethweni zokungafunywa i-BPA zingasebenzisa ngempilo emicrowave nezinkulungwane zokuchitha?

Ukuthi ikhadi ayilungiseleli i-BPA akuyona umbono wokuthi ikhadi liyasebenza kumikrowave noma kwe-dishwasher, ngoba lezi zindlela zokusebenza ziyaphendula kwezinkulu zokuphatha kwemateriali kanye nezinhlobo zokwakha, akayiphendula kwezinhlobo zokubhalwa kwemithambo. Ikhadi elisemthwakathwakeni elisemphakathi yezinto zokudla ziyakwazi ukuphuma kwe-microwave kanye nokusebenza kwe-dishwasher yasekhasini uma kwenziwe ngokufanele kanye nokubhalwa ngokufanele ukusetyenziswa kulezi zindawo. Abathengi kufanele bavumile izimbono zokuphakanyiswa kwetempurecha kanye nezizindikiso zokusebenza zomthengi, okukhethekile ukuthi ikhadi libe nezimbolo ezifanele ekhombisa ukuthi iyasebenza kwe-microwave kanye ne-dishwasher. Ikhadi elisem-HDPE kahlelivame ukusebenza kwe-microwave nakuba ayilungiseleli i-BPA, ngakho-ke imithambo ye-Tritan iyasebenza kulezi zindawo zonke ngokufanele. Kuzofanele ukuvumile ukuthi izimo zokuchaza kanye nokusula ziyaphakamisa izizathu zomthengi ukuze ukungafanele kwekhadi kanye nokunqamuka kwemithambo yokudla.

Izindlela eziphinda ziyasebenzisa i-BPA zingakhuluma izinto ezingenabizo kwezinto zokudla?

Izinkqubo ezilungileyo zokubuyisela i-BPA, kusukela ku-bisphenol S nokuthi ku-bisphenol F, zazisiza izinkinga zemphilo efanayo nezizwelela ukuthi i-BPA kufuneka kubekhulwe, nakuba ukuchaza kwakhe akuphakamise kakhulu njengokuchaza kwe-BPA yena. Izinkothama ezilungileyo zokubuyisela i-BPA zokweshumayela zasebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-polypropylene ne-HDPE, ezingasewo kuzo i-bisphenol emthwakathini wazo, okuvikela ukubuyisela into engeyona yonke eyenziwa ngokubuyisela into engeyona yonke. Abathengi kufanele bavumelane ngokuphelele ukuthi izimpendulo zokubuyisela i-BPA zibonisa ukusebenzisa izinto ezingasewo kuzo i-bisphenol ngokuphelele, akukho ukubuyisela kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-bisphenol esinye. Ukuchaza okuphelele kwe-migration okubhekisa isikhundla sokuthi kungcono kakhulu kwezinto ezinokuthi zithathelwe kusukela kwezinkothama kusobala ukuthi azikhiphe amakhemikhali angcono kwezinkothama ngokwesikhathi sokusebenzisa ngokwempilo.